天然氣目前的需求量大,也因其燃燒的一些特點,被廣泛應用。天然氣流量計是shi作zuo為wei天tian然ran氣qi供gong給gei雙shuang方fang貿mao易yi結jie算suan的de一yi項xiang重zhong要yao指zhi標biao,同tong時shi也ye是shi考kao察cha天tian然ran氣qi生sheng產chan部bu門men的de一yi項xiang重zhong要yao指zhi標biao。天tian然ran氣qi計ji量liang是shi成cheng產chan部bu門men和he銷xiao售shou部bu門men的de一yi項xiang基ji本ben工gong作zuo,隻zhi有you做zuo好hao天tian然ran氣qi計ji量liang才cai能neng夠gou有you效xiao進jin行xing公gong平ping的de貿mao易yi,提ti高gao天tian然ran氣qi的de使shi用yong效xiao率lv,同tong時shi改gai進jin產chan品pin的de生sheng產chan工gong藝yi,降jiang低di成cheng本ben,才cai能neng夠gou為wei社she會hui謀mou更geng多duo的de福fu利li。
一、天然氣計量現狀
我國擁有豐富的天然氣,現在已經探明的就達到1. 6萬立方米,據專家預測整個中國可能的儲量是3. 8wanlifangmi。zuoweiyizhongqingjiederanliao,tianranqidefazhanqianjingshiyipianguangming,danwoguotianranqijilianggongzuojinxingdejiaowan,zhejiuzhiyueletianranqidegongyefazhan。zicongruWTO後(hou),中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)計(ji)量(liang)觀(guan)念(nian)正(zheng)與(yu)世(shi)界(jie)接(jie)軌(gui)。天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)作(zuo)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)標(biao)準(zhun),這(zhe)便(bian)是(shi)企(qi)業(ye)成(cheng)產(chan)和(he)銷(xiao)售(shou)的(de)一(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)要(yao)依(yi)據(ju),使(shi)得(de)貿(mao)易(yi)能(neng)夠(gou)公(gong)平(ping)公(gong)正(zheng)的(de)進(jin)行(xing),同(tong)時(shi)提(ti)升(sheng)生(sheng)產(chan)質(zhi)量(liang),降(jiang)低(di)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)生(sheng)產(chan)成(cheng)本(ben),提(ti)升(sheng)了(le)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)社(she)會(hui)福(fu)利(li)。我(wo)國(guo)的(de)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)工(gong)作(zuo)經(jing)過(guo)這(zhe)麼(me)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),已(yi)經(jing)有(you)了(le)不(bu)錯(cuo)的(de)成(cheng)績(ji)。
1.天然氣計量向著智能化發展
suizhedianzijishudetufeimengjindefazhan,xianzaitianranqijilianggongzuozhongyejiarulezhexiangjishu。tianranqijiliangshiyigezhongdadexiangmu。zidonghuadejiarudadajianshaolegongzuorenyuandegongzuoliang。liyongjisuanjiduitianranqijiliangdefangshijinxingyuanchengcaozuo,biankeyikongzhitianranqideliuliang。xinjishudejiaru,cujinletianranqijilianggongzuodejincheng,bangongyegengquyuzidonghua。
2.用於天然氣計量的儀表種類越來越多
傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)的(de)計(ji)量(liang)儀(yi)表(biao)可(ke)以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)餘(yu)地(di)特(te)別(bie)少(shao),而(er)且(qie)儀(yi)表(biao)的(de)構(gou)造(zao)單(dan)一(yi),精(jing)度(du)低(di),不(bu)能(neng)對(dui)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)流(liu)量(liang)進(jin)行(xing)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)測(ce)量(liang),這(zhe)樣(yang)無(wu)疑(yi)對(dui)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)浪(lang)費(fei),不(bu)利(li)於(yu)社(she)會(hui)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。現(xian)在(zai)可(ke)選(xuan)的(de)儀(yi)器(qi)種(zhong)類(lei)繁(fan)多(duo),而(er)且(qie)不(bu)同(tong)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia),用(yong)的(de)儀(yi)器(qi)也(ye)不(bu)同(tong),這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)大(da)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)了(le)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)的(de)流(liu)量(liang)計(ji)量(liang)。這(zhe)樣(yang)儀(yi)器(qi)選(xuan)型(xing)便(bian)呈(cheng)現(xian)了(le)多(duo)樣(yang)化(hua)。
3.天然氣計量方式向係統管理轉化
天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)工(gong)作(zuo)開(kai)始(shi)時(shi)隻(zhi)是(shi)對(dui)流(liu)量(liang)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)行(xing)單(dan)一(yi)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)管(guan)理(li),這(zhe)樣(yang)的(de)話(hua),便(bian)不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)知(zhi)道(dao)流(liu)量(liang)的(de)特(te)點(dian),在(zai)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)環(huan)境(jing)下(xia),不(bu)能(neng)夠(gou)給(gei)出(chu)準(zhun)確(que)的(de)計(ji)量(liang)管(guan)理(li)。如(ru)今(jin)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)也(ye)加(jia)入(ru)了(le)信(xin)息(xi)技(ji)術(shu)。它(ta)可(ke)以(yi)存(cun)儲(chu)大(da)量(liang)的(de)數(shu)據(ju),然(ran)後(hou)對(dui)各(ge)個(ge)時(shi)點(dian)的(de)數(shu)據(ju)進(jin)行(xing)處(chu)理(li)分(fen)析(xi),這(zhe)樣(yang)就(jiu)實(shi)現(xian)了(le)對(dui)數(shu)據(ju)的(de)多(duo)方(fang)麵(mian)處(chu)理(li),因(yin)而(er)對(dui)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)更(geng)加(jia)科(ke)學(xue)的(de)管(guan)理(li)。
二、天然氣計量存在的問題
雖(sui)然(ran)我(wo)國(guo)在(zai)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)方(fang)麵(mian)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)多(duo)年(nian)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu),同(tong)時(shi)取(qu)得(de)了(le)一(yi)些(xie)成(cheng)績(ji),但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)社(she)會(hui)高(gao)速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)今(jin)天(tian),仍(reng)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)不(bu)足(zu)和(he)問(wen)題(ti)。這(zhe)些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)抑(yi)製(zhi)了(le)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan),因(yin)此(ci)解(jie)決(jue)這(zhe)些(xie)問(wen)題(ti)成(cheng)了(le)重(zhong)中(zhong)之(zhi)重(zhong)。
1.介質溫度壓力對流量計量的影響
天然氣作為一種氣體,氣壓、溫wen度du等deng因yin素su對dui計ji量liang儀yi器qi的de影ying響xiang較jiao大da。而er許xu多duo情qing況kuang下xia卻que對dui環huan境jing沒mei有you特te別bie要yao求qiu,但dan如ru果guo在zai這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang下xia進jin行xing測ce量liang,那na麼me誤wu差cha將jiang會hui很hen大da。例li如ru我wo國guo北bei方fang溫wen差cha較jiao大da,如ru果guo沒mei有you考kao慮lv到dao環huan境jing因yin素su對dui天tian然ran氣qi計ji量liang的de影ying響xiang,那na麼me對dui燃ran氣qi公gong司si將jiang會hui產chan生sheng損sun失shi。

2.環境溫度對天然氣計量儀器的影響
環境溫度不僅對天然氣體積產生一定的影響,並且還會影響計量儀器的精度。熱脹冷縮的特性影響著計量儀器的機械性能。例如孔板流量計在天然氣計量中就存在問題。孔板流量計由節流裝置、差壓變送器以及流量顯示儀構gou成cheng。在zai環huan境jing惡e劣lie的de情qing況kuang下xia,節jie流liu裝zhuang置zhi和he差cha壓ya變bian送song器qi便bian會hui產chan生sheng變bian化hua。節jie流liu裝zhuang置zhi經jing過guo很hen多duo道dao工gong序xu,因yin此ci受shou到dao不bu同tong情qing況kuang的de腐fu蝕shi。北bei方fang溫wen差cha較jiao大da,影ying響xiang潤run滑hua油you的de化hua學xue性xing質zhi,造zao成cheng機ji械xie摩mo擦ca的de增zeng大da,運yun行xing不bu順shun暢chang的de情qing況kuang。燃ran氣qi公gong司si為wei了le便bian於yu管guan理li,一yi律lv將jiang燃ran氣qi表biao外wai放fang,而er燃ran氣qi表biao一yi般ban是shi金jin屬shu盒he,這zhe樣yang的de安an裝zhuang方fang式shi造zao成cheng了le計ji量liang器qi的de環huan境jing誤wu差cha,造zao成cheng了le企qi業ye的de損sun失shi。
三、天然氣計量問題的解決方法
天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)時(shi)時(shi)刻(ke)刻(ke)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhe)國(guo)民(min)的(de)生(sheng)活(huo),天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)的(de)進(jin)程(cheng)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)著(zhe)國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)發(fa)展(zhan)。提(ti)供(gong)一(yi)個(ge)合(he)理(li)公(gong)平(ping)的(de)計(ji)量(liang)方(fang)法(fa)對(dui)於(yu)國(guo)家(jia)來(lai)說(shuo)是(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)。麵(mian)對(dui)這(zhe)些(xie)問(wen)題(ti),我(wo)們(men)必(bi)須(xu)加(jia)大(da)力(li)度(du)進(jin)行(xing)解(jie)決(jue),提(ti)高(gao)天(tian)然(ran)氣(qi)計(ji)量(liang)的(de)技(ji)術(shu),為(wei)社(she)會(hui)的(de)進(jin)步(bu)貢(gong)獻(xian)力(li)量(liang)。
1.加強對工作人員的管理,提高其素質
孔板流量計由於自身的工作原理和結構,造成儀器誤差,例如孔板入口直角銳利度、管徑尺寸與計算不符、孔板厚度誤差、取壓位置、jieliujianbutongzhoududeng。zaianzhuangshiyongguochengzhongyinweiqizhijieyuliutijiezhizhijiejiechu,fushiqingkuangbijiaoyanzhong,shangyouceliangguanchenjizangwu,kongbanrukouzhijiaobianyuanbiandun,yinciyeshizaochengyiqiwuchadeyigeyuanyin。zaianzhuangguochengzhong,youyuxianchangbunengmanzuzhiguanduanyaoqiudechangdu,zaochenganzhuangguanxiandewucha。zaizhegeguochengzhong,bianxuyaocaozuorenyuanduiyiqijinxingweihuhebaoyang,yanchangyiqideshiyongshouming。duixiangguandeanzhuangrenyuanjinxingpeixun,shiqilejiejiliangyiqidegongzuoyuanli,zaianzhuangshijianshaowucha。zaishiyongjiliangyiqizhongyaoguancheluoshiSY/T6143―1996標準。根據《節流裝置在使用中出現部分偏離標準規定的處理》,在實際使用過程中采取在流出係數C中增加兩個修正係數。這樣便可以減少誤差,但是誤差是不能消除的。按照《天然氣流量的標準孔板計量方法》正確安裝、使用和處理數據,以此來保證天然氣計量的正確率性。
2.正確選擇天然氣計量儀器
選擇正確的天然氣計量儀器對於準確計量氣體流量是重要的。結合使用環境的溫度、qiyalaixuanzeyiqi。yibanqingkuangxiaxuanzebiaozhunjieliuzhuangzhi,dangliuliangdebianhuafanweijiaodashi,keyixuanyongqitayiqi,lirukuanliangchengzhinengchabian。qitayixiemuqianhaibufuhebiaozhundeyiqi,yingshenyong。zhiyouzuodaoyangebaguan,cainenggouyouxiaodejianshaowucha,shixianmaoyidegongzheng。
3.廣開眼界,揚長避短
我wo國guo目mu前qian大da部bu分fen還hai是shi使shi用yong體ti積ji計ji量liang方fang式shi,而er國guo外wai早zao就jiu開kai始shi使shi用yong能neng量liang計ji量liang的de方fang式shi。為wei了le能neng跟gen世shi界jie接jie軌gui,應ying大da力li發fa展zhan天tian然ran氣qi計ji量liang研yan究jiu。企qi業ye與yu科ke研yan單dan位wei合he作zuo開kai展zhan能neng量liang計ji量liang,並bing在zai此ci基ji礎chu上shang進jin行xing試shi驗yan。與yu此ci同tong時shi,綜zong合he二er者zhe,推tui出chu符fu合he中zhong國guo國guo情qing的de能neng量liang計ji量liang方fang法fa。無wu論lun是shi從cong根gen本ben上shang,還hai是shi從cong現xian在zai,一yi刻ke都dou不bu能neng對dui天tian然ran氣qi計ji量liang的de放fang鬆song,這zhe是shi關guan乎hu社she會hui經jing濟ji發fa展zhan的de大da事shi。
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